Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for human health. It plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes in the body, including energy production, the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and the maintenance of healthy skin, eyes, and nervous system.
Chemically, vitamin B2 is composed of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring and a ribose sugar. It is one of the key components of the cofactors flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are involved in many oxidation-reduction reactions in the body.
Vitamin B2 is not synthesized by the body and must be obtained from dietary sources such as meat, dairy products, eggs, leafy green vegetables, and whole grains. Deficiency in vitamin B2 can cause a condition called ariboflavinosis, which is characterized by sore throat, swollen and cracked lips, mouth sores, and other symptoms.
The recommended daily intake of vitamin B2 for adults is 1.3 mg for men and 1.1 mg for women. However, higher doses may be required in certain conditions such as pregnancy, lactation, and certain medical conditions. Supplementation of vitamin B2 is generally considered safe, although high doses may cause gastrointestinal disturbances and yellow discoloration of urine.