Valerian, also known as Valeriana officinalis, is a perennial plant native to Europe and Asia. It has been traditionally used as a natural remedy for insomnia, anxiety, and stress due to its calming effects on the nervous system. The active compounds in valerian are valerenic acid, isovaleric acid, and other valerianic acids. These compounds are believed to interact with GABA receptors in the brain, which helps to promote relaxation and improve sleep quality. Additionally, valerian has been studied for its potential benefits in reducing menstrual cramps and hot flashes in women. Valerian supplements are available in various forms including capsules, tablets, and teas.